Optimization of Laser Parameters and Dimple Geometry Using PCA-Coupled GRG

Stainless steel (SS316L) is applied in numerous fields due to its intrinsic properties. In this study, micro-dimples were fabricated on SS316L. The effects of laser process parameters, such as frequency, average power, and pulse duration, the dimple diameter, distance, depth studied using an L9 orthogonal array. analysis variance (ANOVA) multi-objective optimization technique, principal-component-analysis-coupled grey relational grade (GRG), was used optimize parameters output responses. optimal machining parameter settings obtained for highest GRG peak value 0.2642 are 15 kHz (frequency), 12 W (average power), 1500 ns (pulse duration). ANOVA results showed that power most influential factor, contributing 86.40 % performance measures diameter (φ), distance (d), (l). Moreover, effect mean plots, micro-dimple quality analysed SEM micrographs.